Morality and Laws in The Trial and Death of Socrates...

Morality and Laws in The Trial and Death of Socrates Upon reading Plato, The Trial and Death of Socrates, Socrates strongly held views on the relationship between morality and laws become apparent to the reader. Equally, Socrates makes clear why laws should be followed and why disobedience to the law is rarely justified. Finally, he makes clear his views regarding civil disobedience. Socrates’ view on morality is that anyone can do wrong. It is said that injuring someone in return for injury to oneself is wrong. He follows this with the connection between morality and the city. You do badly without the cities authorization; you are doing wrong towards the city and the laws. He felt if you are behaving against peoples mind and in this†¦show more content†¦Everyone has his or her ancestors who have a higher standard in life. However the city was there before them and so should be respected and laws should be followed. Socrates explains his theory of the city and its rules as the nature of ones life. It is not moral to fight against it. We were welcomed to live in it and accept it how it is. A very important aspect of the city and its rules is that one is not forced to do as it dictates. One has the ability to choose between two options. You can either obey the city and its rules or not. If you want to go somewhere else you can do so, but do not complain here. Regarding Socrates view one should not obey the law just because it is the law. As I said before you have two choices, but one of them is the moral option. We say that it is moral, as it was taught to us this way, but one doesn’t really think about their own opinion in reference to it. We are absolutely commanded by our ancestors and the city. It is like being objects being commanded our whole life. Men have not the choice to decide what is moral for their standard of life. The moral way is what the city or their parents tell them to do. We are depending on their opinion to decide if we did wrong or not. On Socrates view it is not someone else’s decision what is right or wrong, it isn’t the moral life to follow others opinion about morality. Disobedience can be justified. One can have reasons to actShow MoreRelatedThe Trial And Death Of Socrates By Plato, Antigone, And Confessions By Saint Augustine1506 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers share social responsibility, actively pursuing a sense of communal virtue. The fruition of their cooperation brings about conditions where it is easiest for individuals to freely improve the wealth of the public. Using the texts The Trial and Death of Socrates by Plato, Antigone by Sophocles, and Confessions by Saint Augustine, this essay will explore the complex relationship between the individual and society in Greco-Roman culture. It will argue from a classical standpoint that justice is definedRead MoreSocrates : An Essay On Morality, Misdeeds, And A Martyr1226 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates: An Essay on Morality, Misdeeds, and a Martyr Few names in history have withstood the test of time, remaining currently studied and discussed to the point of familiarity. Socrates is one such unique name. A man of ethics and reason, Socrates would change history forever, creating a love of reason and knowledge unestablished by his predecessors. Despite the admiration and respect Socrates found in most Athenian circles, his revolutionary methods and inquisitive mind would eventually be hisRead MoreSimilarities Between Socrates And Machiavelli1197 Words   |  5 Pages Socrates and Machiavelli both grew up in times of political instability which formed and shaped their political beliefs. Machiavelli primarily discussed his view of how a leader should behave in the book: The Prince. A prince is an individual who is the leader of a state or group of people. Machiavelli’s version of a prince is very accurate but, Socrates would not support Machiavelli’s version of a prince. Machiavelli believed a prince must be do mineering and aggressive, while Socrates viewedRead MorePlato s Laws And Xenophon s Hiero1365 Words   |  6 PagesPractically in all his discourses, Plato wrote about the works of Socrates that acted as the main persona in his confabs. In Plato’s laws and Xenophon’s Hiero, a further wise man other than Socrates acted as the leader of the discourse. While having protagonist confabs in Plato’s and Xenophon’s works, Socrates tries to interrogate understanding of the further man on the aspect of morality. Socrates presented himself as a less knowledgeable person in the domain of moral issues to confuse the otherRead MorePlatos Apology1219 Words   |  5 PagesPlato’s Apology, is by far one of the most logical yet critical thinking text that I have ever read. Plato describes Socrates, the accused atheist and corrupter of youth in ancient Athens, as a true beacon of ethics and morality. The method that Plato uses to depict Socrates on trial gives us a look back on how the trial of a man who encourages one of sound mind to ask questions even to those who are deemed wise in the eyes of others. Despite facing odds that are stacked highly against him, and thisRead MoreThe Trial of Socrates1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn the trial of Socrates, I juror number 307, Ryan Callahan vote the defendant is Not Guilty on the first charge of Corrupting the youth. My justifications for this vote are as follows. Socrates didn t corrupt the youth, he just shared his ideas with them and they in turn chose the path to take these ideas. Part of understanding this case is understand the time in which the case was held. This time being 399 B.C., a time in which Athens was a free democratic city, a town which prided itselfRead MoreThe Legacy Of Critical Thinking1536 Words   |  7 PagesGreek philosopher Socrates left a legacy of critical thinking that shaped the fundamentals of what philosophy is today. It’s worthy to distinguish that suc h legacy was recorded in history by the writings of some of his students and not by work of his own. Socrates was a curious Athenian whose hunger for knowledge led him to breakthrough a big truth, to an epiphany; as much as he knew, he was still ignorant, but he was aware of his ignorance. The knowing of his own lack of knowledge is what set himRead MoreSocrates s Philosophy On The Western Civilization1440 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates is one of the most popular philosophers of all the times. He was the first to study ethics and principles of morality and he always claimed that he did not put knowledge in anyone, yet asked serious questions which contributed to numerous debates (Class notes). Despite his high intellectual level, Athens condemned him with several charges such as the corruption of youth as the society of this time viewed secular knowledge as an obstruction to the achievement of spiritual enlightenment (ClassRead MoreThe Apology Plato Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesSe ptember 7, 2012 Response Paper â€Å"The Apology† by Plato In this reading Plato tells the story of Socrates and his trial which ultimately lead to his death sentence. Socrates was a 70 year old man at peace with his own mortality yet willing to face his accusers with an almost definite possibility of death to maintain his own integrity and beliefs and morality. He fully understood from the beginning of his trial what the sentence handed down would be yet on a level of honor and courage not seen in abundanceRead MoreSocratic Justice And The Trial And Death Of Socrates992 Words   |  4 Pagesin The Trial and Death of Socrates. I will also go into detail about the differences between Machiavelli’s views of government as opposed to Socrates’s. Socrates and Machiavelli are two the greatest philosophers known today. Both had an effective way of showing and standing up for what they believe in. While both men were very intelligent, Socrates and Machiavelli differ with their views on justice. Socrates defines justice as doing what is best for the wellbeing of his country. Socrates shows this

Embryonic Stem Cell Research To Be or Not To Be Essay

When a patient is faced with a terminal illness or is told that they will never walk again, it may be difficult to find hope of any kind. Stem Cells provide a faint glimmer of hope, with all the amazing things they, in theory, are able to do and cure. What kind of stem cells are we talking about though? Embryonic, Adult, or Cord Blood? All these possess the ability to replicate themselves as well as become any type of cell (Harvard Gazette). As with any incredible feat there is more often than not a â€Å"catch.† Many questions arise when we think about the sacrifices, risks and benefits. It is a matter of where we owe our obligations, to the embryo or to the thousands of people who are suffering and dying with incurable diseases. A diverse†¦show more content†¦She discusses the actions of former presidents starting with former president George W. Bush. The Bush administration was expected to block the NIH’s previous decision to allow federal funding to suppor t the research of stem cells; however, support for stem cell research was rising among those antiabortion Republicans. Well-known senator Orrin G. Hatch, who had led the fight against the research of fetal transplantation, even announced his support for the research of stem cells. The wife of former president Ronald Reagan, Nancy Reagan, spoke publicly about her support in the research of stem cells after the death of her husband. He died of Alzheimers disease and she felt that stem cell research could have cured and relieved her husbands suffering and it is not something that could be ignored. She did not want to have to see other families go through the same pain and suffering that she and her family had endured during the course of the disease. Rachel Benson Gold provides an unbiased article since she presents both sides of this argument and allows the reader to decide for themselves. The facts are presented very straight forward from credible sources such as senators and former United States Presidents asShow MoreRelatedEmbryonic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Francois Rabelais, the famous Renaissance humanist, once said, â€Å"Science without conscience is the death of the soul† (Rabelais, Francois). Since the late 1960’s, this has been the stance for opponents of embryonic stem cell research. This is saying, if we are willing to take a fertilized embryo and kill it before it has even had time to develop, where is our conscience, our heart? We consider this form of stem cell research to be immoral and unethical. ScientistsRead MoreEmbryonic Of Stem Cell Research942 Words   |  4 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell is when you have to destroy the egg inside, thus rendering that egg to become a human. The Stem Cell is put into a petri dish where it will be cultured and feed nutrients (Bethesda). The Stem Cell is almost like a blank code, It can replenish a part of the body that is hurt or has a disease (Bigloo). Stem cells can be programed any where in the body to fix the issue. When the stem cell divides it will keep pro ducing till the part of the body is back to normal (Bethesda). StemRead MoreIs Embryonic Stem Cell Research Ethical?951 Words   |  4 PagesIs Embryonic Stem Cell Research Ethical? The introduction and expansion of embryonic stem cell research initiated a highly debated ethical topic. Can our society agree to disagree? What are embryonic stem cells? What are stem cells? Is all stem cell research considered abortion? Debates surrounding embryonic stem cell research is further complicated by social standards and needs, religious beliefs, and personal morals. In November of 1998, a group of researchers announced that theyRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1292 Words   |  6 PagesEmbryonic stem cells research is the most debated type of stem cell research. The moral standings of embryonic stem cell research have been debated since the research started. The side against the research claims that it is wrong to value one’s life above another and that the elimination of the most basic form of life is murder. While the side supporting the research claims that the research could bring about the cure for many types of diseases and help save the lives of millions. Embryonic stemRead MoreThe Benefits Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1184 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Embryonic stem cell research will prolong life, improve life and give hope for life to millions of people.† This quote by Jim Ramstad is about the benefits of Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Stem cells give us many opportunities to find the mechanisms that help regulate embryonic development, organ maintenance, and cellular differentiation. (Ramalho-Santos and Willenbring 35-38). Embryonic stem cell research has been around for many years. It has proven to be very beneficial to the medical world,Read MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1460 Words   |  6 Pages I believe that embryonic stem cell research should be allowed in the United States. From previous encounters with the topic I have learned that the many benefits that can come from stem cell research are without a doubt astounding and unimaginable. There are simply endless possibilities that can arise if the research was allowed to be conducted. From giving back vision to rebuilding tissue, any advance in stem cell research would be beneficial to the medical world. With the help that the advancesRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesResearch on stem embryonic stem cells We live in a world where genetic sciences have gone beyond laws, and past the imagination. We have come to a point where we don’t know anymore what is right, and what is wrong. We have to decide. In fact, studies are made on embryonic stem cells that for now have the purpose to better our overall health. These stem cells are extracted from extra IVF embryos; they are used and destroyed. While it’s true that this research could cure serious illnesses as Parkinson’sRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research931 Words   |  4 Pages Embryonic stem cell research is the study of stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. For many years now, the ethics of embryonic stem cell research has been argued. A recent advance in this line of research is the ability to clone the embryonic stem cells, which allows for researchers to create a completely compatible embryonic stem cell to the individual’s tissue type. Though thi s new science may be very beneficial, not everyone can agree on the ethics ofRead MoreEmbryonic And Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages but he is unaware that the type of sickle cell disease from which he is suffering can be cured using stem cells. Scientists have recorded two types of stem cells – embryonic and adult. Stem cells can be retrieved not only from embryos, but also umbilical cords, the placenta, amniotic fluid, and adult tissues and organs (â€Å"Stem Cells,† 2011, p.12). Stem cell research is only a small part of a much larger field of regenerative medicine that includes cell-based therapies, gene technology, and tissueRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1711 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research is a hot topic of debate in our modern age, as scientific development continues to push the boundaries of ethics. The debates lies in whether or not it is helping or hindering society, as the procedure involves th e manipulation of a human embryo. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from a week old human embryo (blastocyst), often developed from unused in vitro fertilised eggs. They are pluripotent, meaning they are capable of undergoing directed differentiation and

Pathology For The Health Related Profession - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Pathology For The Health Related Profession. Answer: Introduction Massage therapy is the hands-on method focused on working with the patients soft tissues and muscles for achieving adequate healing of injuries suffered by the body. The main aim is to attain an enhancement of overall health and wellbeing of the person through injury rehabilitation. Therapists must develop a better understanding of the mechanism of healing of damaged tissue in the body and how the body repairs any injury suffered. The professional must identify specific events occurring after an injury and the commonly presented signs and symptoms associated with tissue repair. This helps in understanding where patients fall in the continuum of healing, and what functional changes and sensations are to be expected. The ultimate outcome would be support provided for the restoration of optimal function of the patients body (Salvo 2015). The present paper would discuss the stages of healing associated with massage therapy in details. Stages of healing associated with massage therapy The tissue healing process associated with massage therapy can be broken don into three stages: acute stage, sub acute stage, and chronic stage. These stages are described in details below- Acute phase (protection/inflammatory phase)- The much-needed process of healing starts immediately after a traumatic injury when the body generates an inflammatory response. The responses magnitude is dependent on the extremity of the damage suffered and is found to vary between individuals. The tissues that are injured release chemicals which draw other resources to the area of injury, alerting the body that there has been a damage suffered. At the initial stage, the blood vessels in the surrounding dilate, and blood flow to the are is increased. As a result, white blood cells are delivered to the area along with nutrients which are necessary for cleaning the affected area. The affected area becomes swollen, and plasma leaks into the area. It is common for patients to suffer pain sensation as a result of the inflammatory response. The inflammatory response also has a secondary aim which is to limit function in the are injured. The common cardinal signs characterising inflammation are heat, swelling, loss of function, pain and redness. The normal time frame for your acute symptoms to reduce is two to five days post-injury (Lori and Hall 2005). Massage therapy is known to act in a positive manner in the body by helping in the maintenance and increase of blood and lymph circulation. As a result, there is a decrease in the amount of swelling, permitting clearance of waste products accumulated by the inflammatory process. In addition, massage also aids in the reduction of tension suffered in any compensating muscles of the body. This allows for the provision of exercise in the acute phase. Moreover, massage therapy also helps in giving a psychological boost to the process of tissue healing. One can perform passive range of motion and muscle setting that are pain-free. Low isometric resistance exercises might also be helpful (Salvo 2015). Sub acute phase (controlled motion/ repair and modelling)- The inflammatory response is followed by the repair phase, or the subacute phase when the debris from the injury site is removed. Symptoms and signs of the inflammation are diminished, and construction is enabled for replacing and repairing the injured tissues. It is likely for patients to suffer pain in certain areas of the body since the chemicals dissipate for centralising the healing process in the damaged areas. When the repair phase is enabled, there is the growth of new blood vessels as a result of which there is maximum transport in the tissue. The new transport network is responsible for delivering materials utmost needed for the repair process and removal of the metabolic waste. It is known that fibroblast cells are responsible for generating collagen fibres and extracellular matrix. These fibroblast cells then produce granulation tissue that fills the gaps generated by removal of damaged tissue. The time required for complete repair and degree of production of granulation tissue is dependent on the degree of tissue damage. When there is enough production of granulation tissue, the body supports deconstruction of temporary vessels and a decrease of fibroblast activity. Regeneration of new cells is now possible which is the most vital for the healing process. It is significant to take into consideration that granulation tissue does not tolerate forces needed by the body for full return to activities of daily living (Damnajov 2000). Massage therapy augments circulation to the affected area in the body and provides the necessary nutrients for the healing process. Such therapies have been very effective in this stage, as highlighted by a rich pool of research. Massage can also treat compensating muscles and increase the range of motion. Furthermore, patients are also relieved from pain to a great extent (Salvo 2015). Chronic phase (return to function/maturation and remodelling) Healing is a continuum, and when the repaired structure is weak, there is automatic stimulation of additional new tissues for support the healing process. The successive and final phase of healing process considers construction of permanent tissue with the help of collagen fibres which build a dense network in the affected area. When the normal functioning of the body returns and the new tissue is to carry out its designated role, there is need of reconfiguring the structure for adaptation. This is done through deconstruction and reconstruction of the collagen fibres as per the applied forces for optimal flexibility and strength. The mentioned process is called remodelling which includes alignment of collagen fibres along the lines of stress. The pain that was suffered by the patient due to inflammation is replaced by that caused due to ischemia in this phase. The injured area receives less blood flow since there is a deconstruction of capillaries and formation of mature scar tissue. Patients often report inability to carry out maximal mobility since the collagens form a dense network, replacing the granulation tissues. The soft tissues are also made pliable that might be reduced in case there is adhesion of between fascial layers in associated and affected areas. Remodelling usually takes months to years and success achieved in this phase is dependent on the progression of functional activities (Whiting and Zernicke 2008). At this stage when the body is ready to return to normal functioning, massage therapy helps by preparing the body for intense rehabilitation and relaxation. The techniques might be deeper and more extensive that help in the alignment of collagen fibres and development of functional independence. The quality of tissues reformed is also improved through massage therapies. One must note that there exists no particular time frame for the process of healing associated with massage therapy. Different factors, such as the type of tissue injured, amount of damage, the health of the patient, location, pre-existing conditions, nutrition and medications influence the process of tissue repair. Massage therapy helps in the process of healing by enabling the individuals to shift to a parasympathetic nervous response from a sympathetic nervous response (Field 2014). Source: rivierawellbeing.co.uk (2018) Source: Salvo (2015) Conclusion In closing, massage therapy has immense benefits for injury healing in patients. The healing process can be divided into three stages in which massage is extremely useful for recovering in a speedy manner. These are an acute inflammatory phase, repair phase and tissue remodelling phase. Treatment through massage would stare with isolation and progress to complete functional integration. The exact form of therapy would depend on the demands of the injury and the needs of the body. Recognising the signs and symptoms after an injury has taken place is important for complete healing. References Damjanov, I., 2000.Pathology for the health-related professions. WB Saunders Company. pp. 42-67. Field, T., 2014. Massage therapy research review.Complementary therapies in clinical practice,20(4), pp.224-229. Lori, T. and Hall, C.M. 2005.Therapeutic exercise: moving toward function. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. pp. 282-309. Riviera Wellbeing. (2018).Hot or Cold Therapy for Soft Tissue Injury? - Riviera Wellbeing. [online] Available at: https://rivierawellbeing.co.uk/hot-cold-therapy/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. Salvo, S.G., 2015.Massage Therapy-E-Book: Principles and Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 18-20. Whiting, W.C. and Zernicke, R.F., 2008.Biomechanics of musculoskeletal injury. Human Kinetics. pp. 126-152.

Yellow tail wine Essay Example

Yellow tail wine Paper In the US wine industry, Casella Wines created Yellow Tail, a new wine that broke away from competition and created a new market. They did not simply offer wine as an expensive drink but rather as a social drink available to all kinds of drinkers and consumers: cocktail, beer and other drinkers of non-wine beverages. In Just two years, Yellow Tail became the quickest growing brand in the histories of Australian and U. S. wine industries and is the most imported wine in the U. S. Yellow Tail surpassed its big competitors without campaigning, big broadcasting or major advertising. Other large wine businesses, on the other hand, took years of investment and advertising to create well-established brands. It not only took customers away from competitors but also expanded the market with more than 6 million new customers that consisted of non-wine drinkers (beer and cocktail drinkers). Furthermore, new wine consumers began to drink on a more regular basis and luxurious wine consumers started drinking Yellow Tail. Casella Wines developed new features in the U. S. wine industry by looking at the substitutes of beer and cocktails and looking at non-customers point of view. It created a wine that was easily selectable by anyone, along with being fun and adventurous. The wine company fgured out that the majority of Americans turned down wine due to the fact that they couldnt appreciate its alternative taste. For instance, beer and cocktails were sweetened and easier to drink. As a result, Yellow Tail emerged as a completely new category that combined some wine characteristics with a simple structure. It was instantaneously attractive to alcohol drinkers as a whole. It tasted soft and had strong flavors, with hints of fruitiness, allowing consumers to enjoy more than one glass of wine. We will write a custom essay sample on Yellow tail wine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yellow tail wine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yellow tail wine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This resulted in a simple wine that could be appreciated by anyone. Along with its sweet fruity flavor, Yellow Tail differed from other wines by getting rid of many features that were commonly competed on, including the need for ageing. This in turn reduced the working capital needed and created faster returns for the wines created. Although Yellow Tail was dramatically criticized by the wine industry for its fruity taste, which apparently lowered the quality and proper appreciation for wine, its sales spoke otherwise. In the U. S. , consumers felt overwhelmed and intimidated by the wide variety of wines offered. The wine bottles all resembled each other, the labels explaining how the wines were made was only understandable by experienced wine buyers, and the wide variety of wines from which to select was so wide that the sellers were equally disadvantaged in helping and recommending wines to customers. Yellow Tail fixed these problems by reducing the selection of wine offered. It developed only two types of wine: Chardonnay (a white wine) and Shiraz (a red wine). Their labels are consumer friendly and uncomplicated because they carry a simple design, which is a brand rather than an explanation about the rapes, soil, or aging process, used. They are prominent and striking ones presenting bright cultured Australian wallabies (kangaroo) on black backgrounds. They create an eye-catching display for wine. Moreover, simply offering two wines from the beginning (a red and a white) gave Casella Wines a quick start. It allowed them to offer both wines in the same shaped bottles, which simplified manufacturing and industry around the world was pleased to provide a new distilled drink. The appealing packaging, combined with the decent quality of the wines and the low rice ($7), proved to be a masterstroke. Undeniably, the strategies used by the big wine companies in the industry were targeted for the higher income bracket consumers, with billions invested in marketing and branding. However, by regarding the non-consumers, Yellow Tail discovered that this exclusive picture did not appeal and apply to the main population, who found it unapproachable. Yellow Tail thus moved away from this image and shaped a personality that reflected the Australian culture: boldness, adventure and fun, Just like the bottles and striking labels themselves.

A Case Study Of Mental Health Essays

A Case Study Of Mental Health Essays A Case Study Of Mental Health Essay A Case Study Of Mental Health Essay Mental wellness has become a major planetary job. It affects 450 million people and one in four of us will endure from mental ill- wellness at some clip in our lives ( WHO, 2001 ) . Mental Health is used positively to bespeak a province of psychological well- being, negatively to bespeak its antonym ( as in mental wellness jobs ) or euphemistically to bespeak installations used by, or imposed upon, people with mental wellness jobs ( as in mental wellness services ) . During the 19th century, all patients were certified under madness Torahs. That is, the State merely made commissariats for the control of lunacy. The fledgeling profession of psychopathology ( this term was foremost used in Britain in 1858 ) was singularly preoccupied with segregating and managing madmans. With the outgrowth of the First World War, soldiers began to interrupt down with shellshock now called post traumatic emphasis upset . From this point on, psychopathology extended its legal power from lunacy to versions of jitteriness provoked by emphasis or injury. In the 20th century, more unnatural mental provinces came within its legal power, such as those due to alcohol and drug maltreatment and personality jobs. Today, mental wellness services may be offered to, or be imposed upon, people with this broad scope of jobs, although lunacy or severe mental unwellness still captures most of the attending of professionals.Another facets of the term mental wellness jobs is tha t some people, critical of psychiatric nomenclature, object of scientific or logical evidences to impressions like mental unwellness or mental upset . In the 1983 Act and tantamount Scots statute law mental unwellness is non defined. However, Article 3 ( 1 ) of the Northern Ireland Order does specify it as a province of head which affects a individual s thought, perceiving, emotion or opinion to the extent that he requires attention or medical intervention in his ain involvements of other individuals . Neither the Scots nor Northern Ireland definitions include psychopathologic upset and there has late been some treatment in the context of reappraisal of the Mental Health Act about taking it in England and Wales. Issues refering mental wellness have been raised well in the consciousness of politicians, the media, and the populace. Furthermore, the burden of mental upset is regarded non merely as a if non the- chief cause of human wretchedness, but as a important hindrance to societal and economic growing. Measurement of the old ages of possible life lost and the old ages of productive life lost through mental ill- wellness could make 15 % of all diseases and deceases globally by 2020 ( WHO, 1999 ) . A farther dimension of inequalities in the evident graduated table of mental wellness jobs is race. Race is controversial to specify. Familial differentiations between groups of worlds ( other based on sex ) have small empirical footing. Racial differentiations arose from anthropological probes carried out by colonised autochthonal people. However, because of colonisation, the societal individuality of these people became existent for them and others. In the United States black patients are overrepresented in mental establishments, and have become progressively so over the postwar period. This has peculiarly been the instance within province mental infirmaries, where minority groups constitute 35 per cent of the infirmary population, and are capable to higher rates of admittance and readmission. In a reappraisal of eight epidemiological surveies conducted in the United States between the late 1950 s and mid- 1970 s, Kessler and Neighbors ( 1986 ) found that among individuals with low incomes black people exhibited significantly more hurt than white people. They claimed, hence, that race is an of import independent variable in finding the likeliness of an single going mentally sick. There is some difference over what to do of this grounds. Cockerham ( 1990 ) maintains that the bulk of surveies on the incidence and distribution of mental wellness jobs suggest that race is non an independent variable: race entirely does non look to bring forth higher rates of mental upset for peculiar groups . Rather, it is because more black people are in the lower societal instances that they tend to show more marks of mental hurt. Others, nevertheless, disagree. Halpern ( 1993 ) argues that minority position can be demonstrated to ensue in a inclination towards psychiatric jobs. As with gender, a figure of surveies have been conducted bespeaking that racial prejudice exists in the appraisal, diagnosing and intervention of mental wellness jobs. It has been found, for illustration, that white healers by and large rated their black clients as being more psychologically impaired than did black healers. Patients who are uncooperative, endangering or opprobrious are more likely to be diagnosed as being mentally ill if they have minority position. In peculiar, it has been found that being black tends to increase the opportunities of a individual being diagnosed as being schizophrenic ( Wade, 1993 ) . Certain groups such as people of Afro- Caribbean beginning tend to be more likely than Whites to have psychotherapeutics. Minority groups have proved less able to do usage of community- based services. This is partially because they have lacked the resources to take part in the development of community attention, and partially because of the deficiency of involvement in or apprehension of the specific cultural demands of minority groups when set uping services ( Wade, 1993 ) . The term Afro- Caribbean refers to black people who either still live in Caribbean or who moved to Britain. Britain is an ex-colonial power, which enslaved and forcibly transported African people. Afro-Caribbean people have higher rates of diagnosing for schizophrenic disorder but lower rates for depression and self-destruction than autochthonal Whites. An unsolved argument about over- representation is whether it is existent ( black and Irish people are huffy more frequently ) or whether it is a map of misdiagnosis. The information of Irish people highlight why the emphasiss of racism, based strictly on skin coloring material, are non an equal account of differences in mental wellness position. Although Afro- Caribbean people are vulnerable to psychosis, prevalence rates of all diagnostic classs are higher than for the autochthonal ( non- Irish ) whites in Britain. What are the deductions of comparing and contrasting these two ex-colonized groups for our apprehension of the relationship between race and mental wellness? The first point to underscore is that given the white tegument of the Irish, racism based on skin coloring material may be a stressor but is non one that accounts for racial differences in mental wellness. A 2nd point is that while both groups are post-colonial leftovers of forced migration, the fortunes for each were different. Third, the fortunes of migration to Great Britain were similar in some ways but non others. Employment chances governed population motion in each. Fourth, as ex-colonized, Afro- Caribbeans and the Irish have been recurrently stigmatized and rejected. A verification of this point is that these groups are besides over-represented in the prison population, non merely in nonvoluntary specializer mental wellness services. Fifth, and following the old point, whatever the causal accounts for over- representatio n, the racial prejudice means that these groups are disproportionately dealt with by specialist mental wellness services. As the latter are dominated by coercion, this result can be thought of as a signifier of structural disadvantage for these groups. The demands, issues and concerns of black and minority cultural people ( BME ) with mental wellness jobs have been pushed to the bow of the national wellness policy docket ( Department of Health, 1999 ; Department of Health, 2005 ) . Britain is a multi- cultural society where the per centum of the population that is from minority groups is steadily increasing. In 2001 minority groups comprised seven per cent of the population, with a concentration in London and other interior metropolis countries. BME communities occupy peculiar places of disadvantage in the United Kingdom. Inequalities are reflected across all indices of economic and societal well- being.They by and large have higher rates of unemployment, live in poorer lodging, report poorer wellness, have lower degrees of academic accomplishment and higher rates of exclusion from schools. The tragic but important marker for BME communities was the decease of David Bennett while being restrained by nursing staff on a medium secure ward. After a long run by his household, an independent enquiry study concluded that the NHS mental wellness services are institutionally racist ( Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire SHA, 2003 ) . The authorities later published an action program for Delivering Race Equality ( Department of Health,2005 ) . This program has three edifice blocks: to develop more appropriate and antiphonal services, to supply better quality information on the mental wellness demands of BME, to promote greater community battle in the planning and bringing of mental wellness services. DRE focuses on organizational alteration, but fails to appreciate the heterogeneousness within the BME population, and the complex scope of individualities and patterns it contains.It besides fails to appreciate that the inequalities in mental wellness for black people exist within a broader historical and modern-day context of societal and economic inequalities and bias. Furthermore, the job seems to hold been framed in the context of culture- therefore, the focal point in the DRE scheme on developing a culturally competent work force. Fernando ( 2003 ) argues that a focal point on civilization can itself be racist and hence has to be examined in this context. Another issue to see is the impact of racial disadvantage and favoritism on persons, their households and communities. Petel and Fatimilehin ( 1999 ) suggested that the impact of racism is psychological, societal and material. The effects of these are likely to be damaging to mental wellness, but it has to be borne in head that for some it may be minimum, while for others it may be of great significance to their emotional wellbeing. The effects of racism on the person may hold wider impacts on households and communities. The impact of racism therefore has to be analysed in the context of histories of migration, histories of disaffection, the subordination that resonates for these groups, and the manner in which these groups have been stigmatised and go on to be stigmatised in society today. There are many viing discourses and positions on what constitutes mental unwellness. Bracken and Thomas ( 2005 ) argue that our cognition of mental unwellness and hurt is undetermined and new ways of believing about mental unwellness are invariably emerging. Coppock and Hopton ( 2000 ) suggest that there is ample grounds to demo that mental unwellness is affected by societal and political fortunes. Mental unwellness can be profoundly dehumanizing and estranging. It is by and large regarded with anxiousness and fright and tonss to rejection and exclusion. A study by the Social Exclusion Unit ( 2004 ) found that people with mental wellness jobs are among the most deprived and socially excluded groups in society. The stereotype of large and unsafe has been fixed in the popular instance of Christopher Clunis- a back adult male who had a diagnosing of schizophrenic disorder, who indiscriminately killed a alien to him, Jonathan Zito, in a London resistance in 1992. Keating et.al ( 2002 ) have demonstrated that such stereotyped positions of black people, racism, cultural ignorance, stigma and anxiousness associated with mental unwellness frequently combine to act upon the manner in which mental wellness services buttocks and respond to the demands of BME communities. There are at least three factors that underpin black people s experiences of the mental wellness system: one, how black people are treated in society ; two, how people with mental wellness jobs are treated in society and three, the power of establishments to command and hale people with mental wellness jobs. Black people s experiences in society have an impact on their mental and emotional well- being ; these experiences in bend in fluence how they experience and perceive mental wellness services, and their place in society affects how they are treated in mental wellness services. Eliminating the disparities in mental wellness intervention and results for a black people requires alteration in single patterns, but this can merely be successful if supported by alterations at the organizational degree. Attempts to better mental and emotional well- being for BME communities should be anchored in an apprehension of history, broader social conditions and contexts, and black people s lived experiences: non merely their experiences of racism, but besides how they have survived in the face of multiple hardships. McKenzie ( 2002 ) has argued that the deficiency of definition of mental wellness from a British African Caribbean position and the usage of diagnostic standards based on white European norms instead than on the values and experience of the African- Caribbean population is debatable. Further grounds Hunt ( 2003 ) , Keating, Robertson and Kotecha ( 2003 ) and McKenzie ( 2002 ) suggests that people from BME communities experience a figure of societal and environmental hazard factors which adversely affect their mental wellness. These include high unemployment rates: hapless lodging, racism, low educational outlooks, peculiarly for African and Caribbean male childs ( Grater London Authority/ London Health Observatory 2002 ) ; isolation ; and a deficiency of entree to chances for personal development. A study by the black mental wellness charity Footprints ( UK ) ( 2003 ) , which works chiefly with African Caribbean service users, has identified go oning issues of concern about attention and treatmet as: the demand for better appraisal to advance more culturally acceptable intercessions, concerns about medicine, including high doses and polypharmacy, ensuing in legion inauspicious side- effects and negative staff attitudes. Keating et Al. ( 2003 ) have highlighted the point that black people see utilizing mental wellness services as a degrading and estranging experience and that their perceptual experience is that service respond to them in ways that mirror some of the controlling and oppressive dimensions of other establishments in their lives, for illustration exclusion from schools and contact with constabulary and the condemnable justness system. The National Service Framework for Mental Health ( NSFMH ) is an of import driver and ways a cardinal measure in actively signalling that wellness services must guarantee that the demands of people from BME communities are incorporated in the planning processes from mental wellness attention. The model emphasised the demand for diverse communities to be consulted about the on-going effectivity and suitableness of services. The NHS Plan is underpinned by 10s core rules that are aimed at guaranting that people who use mental wellness services are at the Centre of finding how services are delivered. The NHS Plan contains an expressed acknowledgment of the diverseness that exists within Britain. The late published scheme on black mental wellness once more underscores the authorities s committedness to race equality and outlines the underpinning functions of the NSFMH and the NHS Plan in guaranting that its modernization programme within mental wellness is delivered. In decision the drift and betterment for mental wellness service bringing to BME communities can be seen. Many people who use mental wellness services, nevertheless, would reason that what is less touchable is alteration in infirmary wards, twenty-four hours Centres, residential places and battles with community mental wellness squads ; in kernel, at the coal face. There is range for significant and sustainable alteration. It will necessitate a acknowledgment by mental wellness professionals of the strengths that service users and their households can convey in reshaping service bringing, partner- professionals and, most significantly, understanding by service suppliers and service users on clear and reciprocally agreed ends and results about what constitutes improved attention and intervention. Attempts to better mental and emotional well- being for BME communities should be anchored in an apprehension of history, broader social conditions and contexts, and black people s lived expe riences: non merely their experiences of racism, but besides how they have survived in the face of multiple hardships. Beata Kulinska Student no: 09284805 Word count: 2999 Mentions Pilgrim, D. ( 2005 ) Key Concepts in Mental Health. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Scull, A. ( 1979 ) Museums of Madness.Harmondsworth: Penguin. Rock, M, ( 1985 ) Shellshock and the psychologists. London: Tavistock. Rogers, A. and Pilgrim, D. ( 2005 ) A Sociology of Mental Health and Illness.3rd erectile dysfunction. Hymen: Open University Press. Wade, J. ( 1993 ) Institutional racism: an analysis of the mental wellness system. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.63 ( 11 ) : 536-544. Littlewood, M. ( 1980 ) Ethnic minorities and psychiatric services. Sociology of Health and Illness.2: 194-201. Sashidharan, S. ( 1993 ) Afro- Caribbeans and schizophrenic disorder: the cultural exposure hypothesis re- examined. International Review of Psychiatry. 5: 129- 144. Bracken, P.J. , Greenslade, L. , Griffen, B. , Smyth, M. ( 1998 ) Mental wellness and ethnicity: an Irish dimension. British Journal of Psychiatry. 172: 103-105. Greenslade, L. ( 1992 ) White tegument, white masks: psychological hurt among the Irish in Britain. Leicester: Leicester University Press. White, A. ( 2002 ) Social focal point in Brie: ethnicity. London: Office for National Statistics. Healthcare Commission ( 2005 ) Count me in: consequences of a national nose count if inmates in mental wellness infirmaries and installations in England and Wales. London: Healthcare Commission. Bhui, K. , McKenzie, K. , Gill, P. ( 2004 ) Delivering mental wellness services for a diverse society. British Medical Journal. 329: 363-364. McKenzie, K. ( 2002 ) Understanding racism in mental wellness. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Trivedi, P. ( 2002 ) Racism, societal exclusion and mental wellness: a black service user s position. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Department of Health ( 1999 ) National Service Framework for Mental Health: Modern Standards and Service Models. London: Department of Health. Department of Health ( 2000 ) The NHS Plan: A Plan for Investment, a Plan for Reform. London: The Stationery Office. National Institute for Mental Health England ( 2003 ) Inside/ Outside: Improving Mental Health Services for Black and Minority Ethnic Communities in England. London: Department of Health.

Zeus - Fast Facts About the Olympian God Zeus

Zeus - Fast Facts About the Olympian God Zeus Name: Greek - Zeus; Roman - JupiterParents: Cronus and RheaFoster Parents: Nymphs in Crete; nursed by AmaltheaSiblings: Hestia, Hera, Demeter, Poseidon, Hades, and Zeus. Zeus was the youngest sibling and also the oldest since he was alive before the regurgitation of the gods by Papa Cronus.Mates: (legion:) Aegina, Alcmena, Antiope, Asteria, Boetis, Calliope, Callisto, Calyce, Carme, Danae, Demeter, Dia, Dino, Dione, Cassiopeia, Elare, Electra, Europa, Eurymedusa, Eurynome, Hera, Himalia, Hora, Hybris, Io, Juturna, Laodamia, Leda, Leto, Lysithoe, Maia, Mnemosyne, Niobe, Nemesis, Othris, Pandora, Persephone, Protogenia, Pyrrha, Selene, Semele, Taygete, Themis, Thyia [from Carlos Paradas list]Wives:  Metis, Themis, HeraChildren: legion, including: Moirai, Horae, Muses, Persephone, Dionysus, Heracles, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Hebe, Hermes, Athena, Aphrodite Role of Zeus For Humans: Zeus was god of the sky, weather, law ​and order. Zeus presides over oaths, hospitality, and suppliants.For Gods: ​Zeus was king of the gods. He was called the father of gods and men. The gods had to obey him.Canonical Olympian?  Yes. Zeus is one of the canonical Olympians. Jupiter Tonans Zeus is the king of the gods in the Greek pantheon. He and his two brothers split the rule of the world, with Hades becoming king of the Underworld, Poseidon, king of the sea, and Zeus, king of the heavens. Zeus is known as Jupiter among the Romans. In art work depicting Zeus, the king of the gods often appears in altered form. He frequently shows up as an eagle, as when he abducted  Ganymede,  or a bull. One of the main attributes of Jupiter (Zeus) was  as  a thunder god. Jupiter/Zeus sometimes takes on the characteristics of a supreme deity. In  Suppliants, of Aeschylus, Zeus is described as: king of kings, of the happy most happy, of the perfect most perfect power, blessed ZeusSup. 522. Zeus is also described by Aeschylus with the following attributes: the universal fatherfather of gods and menthe universal causethe all-seer and all-doerthe all-wise and all-controllingthe just and the executor of justicetrue and incapable of falsehood. Source:  Bibliotheca sacra Volume 16  (1859). Zeus Courting Ganymede Ganymede is known as the cupbearer of the gods. Ganymede had been a mortal prince of Troy when his great beauty caught the eye of Jupiter/Zeus. When Zeus kidnapped the most beautiful of mortals, the Trojan prince Ganymede, from Mt. Ida (where Paris of Troy was later a shepherd and where Zeus had been raised in safety from his father), Zeus paid Ganymedes father with immortal horses. Ganymedes father was King Tros, the eponymous founder of Troy. Ganymede replaced Hebe as cupbearer for the gods after Hercules married her. Galileo discovered the bright moon of Jupiter which we know of as Ganymede. In Greek mythology, Ganymede was made immortal when Zeus took him to Mt. Olympus, so its appropriate that his name should be given to a bright object that is forever in Jupiters orbit. On Ganymede, from  Vergils Aeneid Book V  (Dryden translation): There Ganymede is wrought with living art,Chasing thro Idas groves the trembling hart:Breathless he seems, yet eager to pursue;When from aloft descends, in open view,The bird of Jove, and, sousing on his prey,With crooked talons bears the boy away.In vain, with lifted hands and gazing eyes,His guards behold him soaring thro the skies,And dogs pursue his flight with imitated cries. Zeus and Danae Danae was the mother of the Greek hero Perseus. She became pregnant by Zeus in the form of a beam of sunlight or a shower of gold. Zeus offspring included  Moirai, Horae, Muses, Persephone, Dionysus, Heracles, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Hebe, Hermes, Athena, and Aphrodite. Sources Carlos Parada - ZeusTheoi Zeus

2 different assignments - comparing research methods Essay

2 different assignments - comparing research methods - Essay Example A scholarly article offers the full report, often including charts, graphs, methodology etc., contains valuable reference lists, and describes the research process and methods used, so readers can judge for themselves whether they think the information provided seems relevant and reliable. Because there are various types of research covering diverse subjects, analyzing and critiquing scholarly articles are really challenging. However, an attempt has been made to analyze the style, method of research, and structure of research article, encompassing entirely different subjects, through comparing article by Malinauskas et al (2007) and Rogar (2005). Malinauskas and colleagues conducted a survey of energy drink consumption patterns among college students to ascertain prevalence and frequency of energy drink use for six situations. They hypothesize that although energy drinks are targeted to young consumers, and its popularity is increasing since the 1997 debut of energy drink ‘Red Bull’, there has been little research regarding energy drink consumption patterns among college students in the United States. Advertisements proclaim that â€Å"energy drinks are designed to give the consumer a â€Å"jolt† of energy provided by the combination of stimulants and â€Å"energy boosters† that they provide, including caffeine, herbal extracts such as guarana, ginseng, and ginkgo biloba, B vitamins, amino acids such as taurine, amino acid derivatives such as carnitine, and sugar derivatives including glucuronalactone and ribose† (Malinauskas et al, 2007, p.3). Studies had shown that energy drinks had energi zing effects among 18 to 55 year old participants, and caffeine was found to be the primary constituent responsible for these effects. Although caffeine in energy drinks provide the consumer the desirable effects of improved cognitive

Peer review 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peer review 1 - Essay Example The use of a journal to support the statement has demonstrated its credibility. In addition, the research processes have been listed to enhance clarity and ease of understanding. Consequently, one of the major strengths of the post is that the student has presented the preferred argument in a clear and convincing manner. Another impressive feature in the post involves the use of a specific example. Aviation maintenance officers carry out an important role in the aviation industry. The safety of passengers and the reputation of the airline depend on their ability to perform their roles effectively. The safety of passengers is an important concern in the aviation industry (Larsen, Sweeney & Gillick, 2012). In addition, the information provided influences key management decisions. As a result, the importance of research methods in this role is clear. However, the post also has a significant weakness. The post has failed to link the different personality qualities mentioned with research process and how their ability to enhance the quality of the research. In the opening paragraph, the student has stated that technical managers have six qualities that enable them to ensure the safety of the processes that they are involved in. According to Fruhen, Mearns, Flin, & Kirwan (2013), the six qualities are; interpersonal leadership skills, personality, problem solving, safety knowledge and motivation. Although this statement is actually correct and is relevant to an aviation maintenance officer, the student has failed to demonstrate its relationship with the rest of the article. The qualities have merely been mentioned before moving on to a personal experience. The anomaly could have been avoided by demonstrating the relationship between the six qualities and the research process. For instance, the personality of a manager may influence their approach to research problems. Different mangers have varying approaches to research processes (Gill & Johnson,

Personal Career Goal Paper Essay Example for Free

Personal Career Goal Paper Essay Introduction Psychology has many different types of practices and aspects so essentially to pursue a career in psychology would be too vague. One of the practices that entice my ability to push myself to continue in psychology would be the forensics and the ability to diagnose an individual that tries to say that he or she is mentally unstable. I feel that this is one of the biggest factors that helps prosecute some of the world’s most profound individual’s known to our legal system. Forensic Psychologists: Roles and Activities An interesting article I encountered in regards to my career goals was one written by, John Wiley, named, â€Å"Forensic Psychologists: Roles and Activities†. Forensic psychologists have a role in a variety of agencies and institutions. In legal situations psychologists are used to assess inmates that suffer from different types of disorders, which could lead to hurting themselves or others. They play a role as an evaluator as they monitor the mental state of a person on trial that claims to have a mental disorder. Evaluation of individuals that are on trial claim to have a mental disorder but this is where some of their main contributions are made. The â€Å"insanity† plea is the most common that one will face in this profession, however, if an individual is found incompetent to for trial by due to insanity, psychologists refer them back to the proper institution for proper therapy and treatments. The individual then is to stay in that facility until they are fit for their trail. In either case they are required to testify on the defendants competence to plead insanity or to stand trial. They are also required to testify on the defendants mental state upon  evaluation. Psychologists can be hired by different parties to testify with conclusive evidence, either by the defense attorney or the prosecution attorney. Since either the prosecution or defense is paying them, are they going to state to the court what the person who paid them to testify wants to hear or are they going to be truthful. There really is no guarantee on the forensic psychologists honesty of their testimony, therefore I would not suggest this area of p ractice. Professional interests One of the most important areas, in my opinion, is working with law enforcement agencies. I plan to further pursue a degree in criminology but would I would love to work with individuals who commit the crime that way when I investigate crime scenes I get a better understanding of things. Forensic psychologists are often called upon to conduct a psychological profile on an individual to help solve crimes but without a psychological point of view the law enforcement agencies are limited in assets. Another professional portion I find interesting is how they are able to give information on the approximate age, sex, religion, working status or any other behavioral patterns that might aid in catching a criminal. Forensic psychologists are also used to debrief witnesses or victims who may result in acquiring elaborate information from key persons related to the case. However, some of my favorite reasons would have to include the thought process and thought distribution of serial killers. Being able to dissect some of the common thought processes are what really intrigues me but nevertheless, the overall aspect as to why one would commit such an atrocity. When I was taking psychology in high school, I remember watching a documentary of â€Å"Americas Serial Killers†. This video fascinated me because of how crucial these killers were and how they just loved killing people. Several questions regarding their behavior arose which led to an infinite amount of speculation and unanswered questions. Lastly, these thoughts and actions are what currently motivates me to strive in Psychology only further pursue the career of forensics and criminology. Conclusion Forensic Psychology is a broad and important science on the Criminal Justice system. The main goal is to focus the understandings of the offenders’ behaviors and evaluate not only what makes them offense but also follow the rehabilitation inside and outside correctional. It is important to realize that a forensic psychologist do not perform in all the subspecialties that forensic psychology has to offer. Each practitioner will become an expert in particular areas that allows him or her to focus on specialty fields provided by the profession. References Forensic psychologists: Roles and activities. (2004). In The concise Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from http://search.credoreference.com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/content/entry/wileypsych/forensic_psychologists_roles_and_activities/0

College Admissions Essay - The Power of Kindness :: College Admissions Essays

College Admissions Essay - The Power of Kindness One day, when I was a freshman in high school, I saw a kid from my class was walking home from school. His name was Kyle. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I thought to myself, "Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday? He must really be a nerd." I had quite a weekend planned (parties and a football game with my friends tomorrow afternoon), so I shrugged my shoulders and went on. As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running toward him. They ran at him, knocking all his books out of his arms and tripping him so he landed in the dirt. His glasses went flying, and I saw them land in the grass about ten feet from him. He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. My heart went out to him. So, I jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses, and I saw a tear in his eye. As I handed him his glasses, I said, "Those guys are jerks. They really should get a life." He looked at me and said, "Hey thanks!" There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles that showed real gratitude. I helped him pick up his books, and asked him where he lived. As it turned out, he lived near me, so I asked him why I had never seen him before. He said he had gone to private school before now. I would have never hung out with a private school kid before. We talked all the way home, and I carried his books. He turned out to be a pretty cool kid. I asked him if he wanted to play football on Saturday with me and my friends. He said yes. We hung out all weekend and the more I got to know Kyle, the more I liked him. And my friends thought the same of him. Monday morning came, and there was Kyle with the huge stack of books again. I stopped him and said, "Darn boy, you are gonna really build some serious muscles with this pile of books everyday!" He just laughed and handed me half the books. Over the next four years, Kyle and I became best friends.

What economics is Essay

What economics is and how you may use economics in your future career and/or your daily life? After World War II, economy is increasingly becoming the focus of national competition in the world. Furthermore, economics as a new breach of human sciences is applied widely in human daily life as well. For example, almost everyone has to consider price, tax, money and welfare in real life. It can be seen from that economics play a significant role in human life. This essay will discuss what is economics and analyses how to use economics in my daily life from economics knowledge, economics logic skill and economic analysis skill three aspects. Economics is a new subject in human sciences and the history of it is not as long as other subjects, so there are amount of different theories in this subject and different schools have different opinions about it, even the definition of economics. In Austrian school, the economist Mises (1998) defines that â€Å"Economics is the theory of all human action, the general science of the immutable categories of action and of their operation under all thinkable special conditions under which man acts.† While the economics Gans, King, Stonecash& Mankiw (2012, p3) think that â€Å"Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources.† Actually, there is no model answer of what is economics, people depends on their own experience can have diversity opinions about this question. In my view, economics is a subject which teach people how to thinking objectively and manage things more effectively. It focuses on macroscopic view and microcosmic view in real life. Economics pervades every aspect of peoples’ life, so we can use it to change and improve ore life. Firstly, I can use Economics knowledge to make more profit. Economic theories are summarized by economists and it can show economics trend, thus people can follow these law of economics to deduce future economics trends. Follow these deductions, they can invest some businesses so that they will have considerable revenue from these businesses. For example, if i am able to forecast stocks, i will buy some stocks when the price is low and sell them at a high price. This will brings me a huge income. Moreover, economics knowledge will help me save money. For instance, i can use demand and supply theory to guess when the goods price  is low, thus i will save money comparing with other people. In addition, the people who is proficient in economics means it is easier to find a high-paid job than others, the reason why is most of high-paid jobs are nearly almost associate with business and these jobs need economics knowledge to management and control them, such as business manager, accountants, Stock managers and so on. After i graduate from university i can find these jobs. To sum up, economics knowledge not only helps me gaining and saving money, but also helps me gets more high-paid employments. Secondly, i can use economics logic skill to identify the truth and false in real life and make decision more wisely and objectively. Marking is a significant element in economy, sometimes a excellent marking marketing tactics will help company have a good selling, so how to keep clear mind in the tempting marketing tactics is an important skill for people. Gans, King, Stonecash& Mankiw (2009, p3) indicate one principle of economics in their book, it is â€Å"people face trade-offs†. From this principle, we can know everything in the world is not free, everything we gain should be sacrificed. Thus when i buy goods, i will remind me this economic principle and convince myself do not be lied by marketing tactics and buy some unnecessary goods. Furthermore, if i want have my own businesses, i may need economics, because it will help me thinking more objectively and broadly so that i can make right decision in business. For example, Gans, King, Stonecash& Mankiw (2009, p9) state another principle â€Å"rational people think at margin† in their book as well. This principle is necessary to chief who control the companies’ future, when they face several suddenly changes in business. In another word, company leader should change the plans, while the cost and value of projects change. This margin thinking is one of objective thinking skills. To sum up, i can use economic logic to make objective and wise decision in my business in my future and to be a rational consumer in real life. Finally, i can use economic analysis skill to understand situations what i have. Specifically, situations divided two things, one is public policy. Every country have their own public economic policies, authorities will make different laws to regulate economy. For example, everyone should pay tax to  government. But if you do not know the economics, you will not understand the tax law and tax standard or know how to make tax planning, then you may feel unhappy or angry with your government. Callahan (2004, p27) also argue this opinion, â€Å"Another benefit of an understanding of economics is that it is crucial to evaluating questions of public policy.† She points out we can judge salary or tax is fair or not through economics analysis. Personally it is significant to employee and I will analysis economics policy and according to these to make or change my economic plans in my life. The other situation is society circumstance. Economic change will lead to a series of influence on peoples’ life. For instance, the rate of unemployment is an important data to employee and students who will graduate from university. If they understand the meaning hidden behind the data, they may try to do something to avoid suffering from this unemployment crisis. I will analysis the economic trend and change my plan as well. Only understanding a thing, you can accept it. Thus, i will always use economic analysis skill to understand situations what i have in the future. In conclusion, economics is not only a subject of science, but also a regulating and controlling economy skill. It not only teaching people economic knowledge, but also cultivating peoples’ personal and cultural value. It is not a single discipline, it needs to combine other subjects to research and learning, such as philosophy, politics and so on. In the future, I will use economic knowledge to find a high paid job or invest projects and use economics logic skill to make sure i make right decisions and use economic analysis skill to understand and think situations what i have. Reference: Callahan, G. (2004). Economics for real people (2nd ed). Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. Gans, J., King, S., Stonecash, R., & Mankiw, N. G. (2012). Principles of economics (5th ed.). New South Wales, Australia: Cengage Learning. Mises, L., v.(1998). Human Action: A Treatise on Economics. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.au/books?id=bqhZRn5zWA4C&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=Economics+is+the+theory+of+all+human+action,+the+general+science+of+the+immutable+categories+of+action+and+of+their+operation+under+all+thinkable+special+conditions+under+which+man+acts&source=bl&ots=5UHNDVcP_E&sig=FBD_JFuAf-dTVZQT8dmEBdgo2wI&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=FtEyU63wHMWplQXDpoGwAQ&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Economics%20is%20the%20theory%20of%20all%20human%20action%2C%20the%20general%20science%20of%20the%20immutable%20categories%20of%20action%20and%20of%20their%20operation%20under%20all%20thinkable%20special%20conditions%20under%20which%20man%20acts&f=false

Contract and Professor Knox Group

SOPHIA HENRY WEEK TWO ASSIGNMENT ETHICS: PROFESSOR KNOX GROUP A A newspaper columnist signs a contract with a newspaper chain. Several months later she is offered a position with another newspaper chain at a higher salary. Because she would prefer making more money she notifies the first chain that she is breaking her contract. The court will decide the legality of her action. But what is the morality? Did she the columnist behave ethically? An airline pilot goes for his regular medical checkup. The doctor discovers that he has developed a heart murmur.The pilot only has one month to go before his retirement. The doctor wonders whether, under these unusual circumstances she is justified in withholding the information about the pilot’s condition. (1) An employment contract is a contractual relationship between an employer and an individual employee or organization. My first issue at hand is the terms under which the contract was signed. The court has to determine whether it was stated on the contract that the columnist was locked in until the term were fulfilled under which she would be ethically wrong to break that contract.If an employee willingly breaks the terms of their contract it is unethical behavior and should be held accountable for those actions. Understandably the columnist has researched and came across a better opportunity which is financially gainful to her but she also had to explore the ramifications for accepting their offer of employment as it was presented to her. Consideration had to be taken by the columnist that time and money was spent on recruiting her for the job and ensuring that she was settled in a comfortable environment to conduct her duties accordingly and up to company standards.On the other hand it is not immoral to break a contract to pursue better opportunity for oneself if the term of the contract does not state that she had to serve for a certain period of time before leaving. Immorality would come into play if she wi llingly and knowingly ignores the terms and sought out other employment opportunities while being employed under that agreement. If she knowing breaks the terms of the agreement she would be legally responsible for repaying the recruitment fees and all money spent by the employer to ensure that she was situated at her position as well as all fees for recruiting someone else to replace her.I believe that the columnist was wrong to enter into a contractual agreement if her job search was not over and that if she really wanted the job she should have been honest with the employer and discuss not getting into a contractual position at the company while she pursues better pay and opportunity. The columnist was guided by her mind and conscience to do what was best for her at the time and was not thinking long term or the ramifications to the company if she decided to leave her contract early. I think both Augustine and Aquinos would commend her for following her virtue and doing what is r ight for her as an individual.Aquinos believes that we all have to find something in practical reasoning that will help us come to the best conclusion for ones self and that is what the columnist did, her one big reason was that she wanted to make more money and that was her drive for getting out of her contract early. (2) There is no reason to justify withholding anyone’s medical diagnosis form them, it is not justified morally and ethically. It is unethical and immoral especially from a doctor’s standpoint because his/her oath is to protect and treat no matter what the circumstances are and not honoring that oath in my opinion is an evil act.The pilot can still perform his duties until retirement under close doctor supervision and with the help of medication to control his symptoms. I do not think that his diagnosis should impact his retirement benefits as he is suffering for a condition that is beyond his control and not of his own doing. The physician’s only concern at this point is find ways in keeping the pilot healthy, provide him with enough information on his diagnosis and ease his mind from the worries he might have. Neither Augustine nor Aquinos would agree with the path the doctor is thinking of taking with the pilot.One is the reasons is because the news does not affect him personally nor is his virtue at stack. Though the doctor is trying to do a good deed and allow the pilot to enjoy the few weeks before his retirement stress and worry free he is also doing him a disservice by not giving him the option to make the choice of whether he wants to retire now or try to continue with his journey and retire at his scheduled time. Ethically the doctor has to follow the law and relay any findings and diagnosis to the pilot so he can come to terms in dealing with the symptoms and treatment of his diagnosis.

The Life of Emmitt Smith Essay Example

The Life of Emmitt Smith Essay Example The Life of Emmitt Smith Essay The Life of Emmitt Smith Essay The life of Emmitt Smith, star running back of the two-time Super Bowl champion Dallas Cowboys, reads like a Horatio Alger story: Smith grew up in Florida in a poor but loving two-parent family; he stays out of trouble, respects education, and devotes much spare time to charity work. There’s nothing not to like about Emmitt Smith unless you’re charged with tackling him. So, what does Emmitt have to say about his life? He always loved football. He loves his family, and he works hard and deserves respect and pay commensurate with his performance. We knowbecause he tells us sothat he’s scored many a touchdown in his day. Is this a good sports autobiography? Yes and no. Yes, because Smith’s joie de vivre is so evident. No, because he’s so young, and his life has been a one-note song of happiness. But one can’t expect him to invent tragedy or controversy. He seems like a nice young man, and his book will be in big demand with high-school Emmit-tators. As an author, Emmitt is a fine role model. Smith offers a straightforward account of the heady world of professional football as he describes his recent seasons as the premier running back of America’s Team,’’ the Dallas Cowboys. In telling how a poor Florida boy became a multimillion-dollar star, Smith shows that modern football plays many roles in America today: It’s an art, a thing of magic, a way of lifebut most of all a gritty and competitive business (and for stars like Smith, a lucrative profession). Smith talks about his sandlot heroics, his childhood dream of becoming a star for the Cowboys, and the constant doubts his size raised about his ability to compete (in childhood he was too big, as a pro too small, said his detractors). Smith’s account of his football career is, however, a success story from the beginning: He was a standout in high school and at the University of Florida. Dismayed, he says, by the instability of the Florida program, Smith left prior to his senior year in order to participate in the NFL draft. Picking Smith in the first round, Cowboys coach Jimmy Johnson signed him for $3 million for three years (throughout Smith’s account, stories of his numerous contract negotiations loom as large as his tales of on-field feats). With the Cowboys, Smith emerged as a player of big words and big deeds, making cocksure comments but placing first among rookie rushers his first season, subsequently leading the NFL in rushing, becoming the youngest player to rush for 1,500 yards, appearing in three Pro Bowls, and leading his team to consecutive Super Bowl victories. Smith’s account, written with the help of Delsohn (coauthor of John Wayne, My Father, not reviewed) culminates in his amazing 1993 season, when he won the rushing title, the season MVP award, and the MVP award for the Super Bowl. A pleasant, absorbing look at life in the NFLfrom the top.

Essay on Graffiti Art

Essay on Graffiti Art Essay on Graffiti Art Los Angeles is the most densely inhabited city in the state of California, and stands in second place after New York City, as the most populous in America. Most people in the city socialize mostly through cultural traditions and arts that are mainly practiced in the area. These arts form the basis of communication and expressions whether political or social. That being a few of the forms of expression graffiti is being widely used in the city. This form of art is employed as a means of social and political expression. The reason as to why young people use this form of avenue is that it is quite public and will relay the message. The fact that they are not provided with platforms to express themselves is another key issue to be addressed. In this paper, discussion on ways through which this work of art expresses the social and political issues in relation to Los Angeles will follow suit. The city holds a history rich of arts and culture that has attracted millions of tourists from all over the world many years ago. In fact, the city’s greater area represents the most important site for television and movie production in the whole of the U.S. Other works of art related to Los Angeles include literature, music, museums, architecture, paintings, and street art, just to mention a few. Wordings; Graffiti artists use certain terms like crews, bombing, taggers these form a characteristic of graffiti traditions, although significantly, this type of dialect is to the idea that the whole culture is associated to the wider American customs that we are a components. Culture and language cannot be separated; culture creates language and the language creates culture. This distinct language is a preserve for graffiti tradition members and can be learnt through participation or continuous exposure to tag culture. This tag language is one form that graffiti is used to express social issues. The present graffiti words are obtained from the daily social life, the comments, phallic symbols, the jokes. Such graffiti is written in a common language so that individuals can comprehend, in addition to, partake in its humor or react in kind (Phillips, 47). The second category is images; in the context of community-based graffiti; these graffiti look like vivacious characters and vibrant texts. They have an origin in hip-hop culture and were selected because of its ability to both isolate, and form an interconnected faction that replicate current social issues in Los Angeles. It reflects a culture that is emerging in the society; it is ingrained in clothes, music, and dialect. The style was a preferred method, and individuals who create these images were part of the society that is influenced by the occurrence of these descriptions. Graffiti carried out by Gang is the type that is emphasizes a lot of the communal identification that this expressive means may value . However, the power that this illustrations yield, is usually disregarded. Graffiti expressing political notions is founded in interior representation by which negative political thoughts are channeled. These types of graffiti are mostly employed through activism movements in times of political protests; they have the ability to induce an emotional response, whether good or bad from their targeted audience. Objects, images and social conducts that contain a common implication among communities stand to unite the people. Under graffiti, the art has stood as a representation of opposition and a common dissatisfaction with current social certainty. Ancient graffiti expressed love affirmations, social opinions and simple terminology of the notion in comparison to current popular information of societal and political standards as seen in the streets of Los Angeles (Phillips, 46). This is the same as in today’s world. Graffiti has been commercialized and is gaining popularity while others are seeking its legitimization. In 2001, IBM a large computer firm instigated a movement in Chicago, and San Francisco, which was advertising peace the campaign primarily, involved the community spray work of art on pavements the given symbols to illustrate Peace, Love, and Linux. However, because of the law which states that graffiti art is illegal the act saw the artists detained and prosecuted with damage charges, in addition to the repair costs, and penalty measures, IBM Company was fined more than US$120,000. In Los Angeles, Sony instigated same advertising campaign in 2005 and other cities, but this time taking into consideration the legal challenges of the IBM campaign. Sony compensated proprietors for the privileges to paint on their properties; portraits of dizzy-eyed city kids gathering, who were imitating a skateboard, a paddle or a rocking horse using PSP gadget. The two campaigns are an expression of an application of graffiti as a means in passing information, which the society does not approve to some extent. The war is clearly illustrated in Los Angeles, where two people were shot dead by the graffiti artist when they tried to stop them from doing what they love best. . Another social aspect is the growth of computer gaming depicting the art largely. These is to the positive aspect of the art, for example, the jet set radio program (2000–2003) shows the story of an assembly of youths fighting the subjugation of an authoritarian police that seeks to hinder the graffiti artists’ liberty of expression. Frequently, graffiti is reputed as an element of a culture that seeks to rebel against au thority and laws in general as seen in the state where a certain group brands themselves and seek to warn visitors of their presence. What in my perspective makes the art wrong is the fact that most vandals are young people, ranging from young school going to youths, who vandalize public spaces for invalid reasons such as boredom, anger or revenge. For successful artists, ideas that perform this art often diverge and can illustrate a wide array of approaches and perceptions. Most artist use materials such as paints and sprays, these sprays have a negative effect on the surroundings because of the fact that it contains. Harmful chemical elements like chlorofluorocarbons or volatile hydrocarbon gases are contained in the paints used for graffiti in painting a surface. These are harmful to the environment, and will continue to worsen the global warming situation in the world. Alternatively, moss graffiti can be adopted which will use moss, which is more environmental friendly to create the images or the wordings. The mixture is prepared through gluing moss unto a plane by mixing beer milk or yoghurt to serve as an adhesive for the art. These efforts of making the situation more environment friendly does not justify the fact that each year, in the clean up exercise of graffiti, large amounts are accounted for. The society can approve a policy less lenient for destruction and instead provide an avenue or a place designed specifically for these artists to express themselves. Arresting them will only make the condition worse and they will continue to spend cleaning up the streets. On the other hand, with the already tarnished streets, what the locals need to do is first; to identify objects and locations prone to graffiti, and educate property owners effective and efficient of cleaning the places. Participants in these forums will mostly include property owners affected by graffiti, recreational facilities public works, shopping malls, schools, government, businesses, and other institutions. This will resolve the crisis in the short period; in the end, they can construct their buildings with hard to write on bricks or plant shrubs and hedges. Improved lighting and cooperation of the community and the authority will solve their so-called problem. Looking at an artist’s perspective bring us to understand why they are so passionate about the art. Certain anthropologists explain that the art is an expression of one’s ideas and ideals. It goes beyond just the images and is mostly a representation of political ideas, race and art. This passion goes beyond fear of being caught, which has made a blog that highlights these paintings as being top five most viewed sights. I must say that these pieces of art is quite eye-catching and has its own beauty. The artists also are said to have a distinction between street art and graffiti basing the difference in that the artist signs graffiti while the street art is simply a form of expression, which is often done randomly. These facts also lead us to asking the question is the form of art an unnecessary struggle. I believe when one wants to pursue something he should go for it. Being a true believer means one is not swayed by the changing world, but one should also consider doi ng it peacefully. Overall, the art can signify liberation, love or territory. What the artist need is to make the community understand from their point of view. Successful artists in this field have received awards to prove that the entire art is not a negative vice and can be displayed in museums. In other words, it can be a visual method of communication with these it would play as both an art and a mode of communication to the users. Being an old form of art goes to show it has its form of justification and is not all negative (Ganz, and Tristan, 98). A closer insight to the teenagers responsible for this form of art these explain that graffiti delineates the effect neighborhood, politics, and culture that is the society in general have on the day today activities of these teenagers. Most outstanding thing of this insight being the spirit, pride and allegiance that are expressed through in the voices of the said teenagers. This is not a glorification or the justification of gang behavior, but we rather perceive it as an objective that focuses on a specific social group that is not readily featured in the mainstream media and is trying to reach out. Gangs are not prevalent in many communities; my hope is that concerned parties would be enlightened, through various channels to be able to communicate with this group of a generation that is in need of help.

Collective Bargaining Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collective Bargaining - Assignment Example Not only do the Unions concentrate on the working conditions of an employee but also create a sense of connectedness and solidarity to an employee while at the same time help to solve crucial organizational problems by educating their members and help reduce the problem of rational ignorance and hence stand on behalf of each of their members. Analysis In the United States, Labor unions have been in existence from the early the days of the republic, although; by then they were just local craft unions. Craft unions are unions with few members who mainly work in the same skilled occupation of a specified area. They are these types of Unions that existed in the United States until the end of the Civil War (1861-1865) when stronger and more powerful Unions came into existence. Amongst the big Unions that emerged in the United States are; Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industry Organization (Toke & Za?ris, 2008). The Knights of labor was officially founded i n 1867 by Uriah Stephens and unlike the craft Unions that existed then, it was one big union that included all workers irrespective of the kind of work one did. It did not mind whether one was skilled or unskilled, neither the race nor national origin mattered. It had a place for members of all kind and these made it attain membership of about 700000 by the year 1886. Some of its strikes and collective bargaining led to wage increment to its members (DTI, 2001). Success to this collective bargaining tactics meant that even its member’s relation to that of its employers was good and in return the workers did put more effort in production. Although it brought success and nourished in collective bargaining of its members and created significance progress in labor relations, it created a bad reputation for itself when seven policemen and one civilian died in one of its riots in Haymarket, Chicago where it was held responsible and blamed for the deaths and hence lost its reputatio n. American Federation of labor was founded by Samuel Gompers in the year 1886, he was a cigar maker. This was not really a union as such but an association of the existing craft unions where the craft unions still maintained their identity within the association. To be a member of a craft union, one had to be skilled in a particular trade of that particular craft union to join the federation through the craft union. It mainly concentrated on economic issues such as better working conditions, higher wages and shorter working hours. Although it had no place for the unskilled worker, its success progressed to a level where it had about four million members in its name by the year 1920. Since it brought people of the same skills together, this was an advantage to the employer too. Better skills could be nourished and attained to the advantage of the employer (Toke & Za?ris, 2008). Since the American federation of labor excluded unskilled workers, there emerged Committee for Industrial Organization which later changed to Congress of Industry Organization. It was founded between 1935 and 1938 by John. L. Lewis who deserted from American Federation of Labor. Its agenda was to find vertical unions within industries and include all its workers regardless of the job they performed within the union. These led to stiff competition for members amongst the unions and eventually CIO and AFL merged in 1955 to form AFL-CIO since they were all now recruiting all types of workers, skilled

Writing a reflection based on persona poster i created Essay

Writing a reflection based on persona poster i created - Essay Example The use of social technologies however is not only limited in social media such as Facebook and Twitter. We also used it in doing business, doing transaction and research although we may not realize it that we were already using it before the class. For example, when we buy some goods online where there is a camera for us to check it, it is already a use of social media. Checking online for an internship or summer job is already the use of social technology. Of course the class taught concepts about user research. They are however too generalized and I cannot relate to all of them. There are some concepts that are alien to me such as explanation of the hardware used in social technology and there are others that I could very much relate to it such as the application of social technology in social media. But of course, who would not be able to relate to social media with people of my age when almost all of us are engrossed with it. So my understanding of user research is basically personal empowerment. User research provides me with most of the information to become functional and productive as well as to be nonproductive. I mentioned that user research provide me with the most information to become functional because it enables me to do the things that I need to do. For example, user research provides me information needed to complete school works right at the comfort of my home. I can access the library or other books online. I can eve n do transactions online without having to leave my home. This is consistent with my statement when I said that user research makes me productive. I can pay my bills, inquire information about the things that I need to know and even enroll myself in school online which would have taken a lot of time and effort without the facility of user research. Research could also serve as a distraction when I have to surf the net with useless things when I need to finish something such as checking my Facebook

Knowledge of management & Information systems Assignment

Knowledge of management & Information systems - Assignment Example Knowledge management can be described as an organisation’s ability to share, create as well as use the collective information about its processes, products as well as human resource for increasing workplace productivity and reducing activities that put the company in backward position. As organisations are seeking advantage in highly competitive markets, they are increasingly looking for an untapped resource which is knowledge of their employees and organisation’s resources (Alavi and Leidner, 2001). Problems regarding knowledge management can creep in various forms. These can be unsuccessful alignment of knowledge management strategies applied within the organisation. It can also be failure in understanding and incorporating knowledge management into the daily activities of individuals. Another major knowledge management issue faced by organisations in the current business environment is focussing knowledge efforts within organisational boundaries only. Wide disparitie s in maintaining up-to-date infrastructure as well as cultural diversity make knowledge management challenging and cumbersome, especially in developing countries. Though TPMT is based in United States, majority of its client base is in Africa. Thus, culture disparity and lack of technology and resources have created contextual issues for the company. Even though the company is able to meet human resource needs, cultural and infrastructural gap create major problems in the business operations. Thus, it can be concluded that cultural. and infrastructural gaps are the major knowledge management business problems faced by TPMT. Global Diversity in culture has reflective implications on the successful plan and implementation of various Knowledge Management projects. Thus, while creating organisational objectives, global organisational contexts such as, innovations and performance, should be taken into consideration (Avgerou, 2002). In the present case study, the company is facing problems such as, lack of commitment among directors as well as part-time workers in African countries. The directors also face difficulties in enhancing relationships among employees, customers and agents. It is evident that the organisation lacks engagement from the employee’s perspective. Thus, establishing better interaction between organisation and its agents will help in building confidence and loyalty towards the company (Yue, et al., 2009). Web 2.0 Overview The term, Web 2.0, is used to describe various websites and their applications which allow users to create, share and update online information as well as other materials created by them. A major key element of this technology is that it helps individuals to create, collaborate, share and communicate. The major difference between Web 2.0 and other websites is

The Message The Book Of Romans Theology Religion Essay

The Message The Book Of Romans Theology Religion Essay As evident in all other epistles written by Paul to the churches, in his epistle to the roman his aim was to proclaim the glory of the Lord Jesus Christ by teaching doctrine and edify and encourage the believers who would receive his letter. Particularly, to all the brethrens who were loved by God and called to be saints according to Roman 1:7, and of course because he himself was a Roman citizen, he had a unique passion for those in the assembly of believers in Rome. Since he had not, to this point, visited the church in Rome, this letter also served as his introduction to them. One of the key verses of the letter is found in Roman 1:16 I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes, first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. THE MESSAGE The Book of Romans is primarily a work of doctrine and can be divided into four sections: righteousness needed, 1:18-3:20; righteousness provided, 3:21-8:39; righteousness vindicated, 9:1-11:36; righteousness practiced, 12:1-15:13. The main theme of this letter is obvious of course righteousness. Guided by the Holy Spirit, Paul first condemns all men of their sinfulness. He expresses his desire to preach the truth of Gods Word to those in Rome. It was his hope to have assurance they were staying on the right path. He strongly points out that he is not ashamed of the gospel (Romans 1:16), because it is the power by which everyone is saved. The Book of Romans tells us about God, who He is and what He has done. It tells us of Jesus Christ, what His death accomplished. It tells us about ourselves, what we were like without Christ and who we are after trusting in Christ. Paul points out that God did not demand men have their lives straightened out before coming to Christ. While we were still sinners Christ died on a cross for our sins. 1 Corinthian PURPOSE The apostle Paul founded the church in Corinth. A few years after leaving the church, the apostle Paul heard some disturbing reports about the Corinthian church. They were full of pride and were excusing sexual immorality. Spiritual gifts were being used improperly, and there was rampant misunderstanding of key Christian doctrines. The apostle Paul wrote his first letter to the Corinthians in an attempt to restore the Corinthian church to its foundation Jesus Christ. MESSAGE The Corinthian church was plagued by divisions. The believers in Corinth were dividing into groups loyal to certain spiritual leaders (1 Corinthians 1:12;3:1-6). Paul exhorted the Corinthian believers to be united because of devotion to Christ (1 Corinthians 3:21-23). Many in the church were essentially approving of an immoral relationship (1 Corinthians 5:1-2). Paul commanded them to expel the wicked man from the church (1 Corinthians 5:13). The Corinthian believers were taking each other to court (1 Corinthians 6:1-2). Paul taught the Corinthians that it would be better to be taken advantage of than to damage their Christian testimony. Paul gave the Corinthian church instructions on marriage and celibacy (chapter 7), food sacrificed to idols (chapters 8 and 10), Christian freedom (chapter 9), the veiling of women(1 Corinthians 11:1-16), the Lords Supper (1 Corinthians 11:17-34), spiritual gifts (chapters 12-14), and the resurrection (chapter 15). Paul organized the book of 1 Corinthians by answering questions the Corinthian believers had asked him and by responding to improper conduct and erroneous beliefs they had accepted. Paul uses the story of the Israelites wandering in the wilderness to illustrate to the Corinthian believers the folly of the misuse of freedom and the danger of overconfidence. Paul warned the Corinthians about their lack of self-discipline in 1 Corinthians 9:24-27. He goes on to describe the Israelites who, despite seeing Gods miracles and care for them, the parting of the Red Sea, the miraculous provision of manna from heaven and water from a rock, they misused their freedom, rebelled against God, and fell into immorality and idolatry. Paul exhorts the Corinthian church to note the example of the Israelites and avoid lusts and sexual immorality and putting Christ to the test and complaining. 2 Corinthian PURPOSE In his second letter to the Corinthians, Paul expresses his relief and joy that the Corinthians had received his severe letter now lost in a positive manner. That letter addressed issues that were tearing the church apart, primarily the arrival of self-styled false apostle who were assaulting Pauls character, sowing discord among the believers, and teaching false doctrine. THE MESSAGE Paul explains the nature of his ministry. Triumph through Christ and sincerity in the sight of God were the hallmarks of his ministry to the churches. He compares the glorious ministry of the righteousness of Christ to the ministry of condemnation which is the law and declares his faith in the validity of his ministry in spite of intense persecution. Chapter 5 outlines the basis of the Christian faith the new nature (v. 17) and the exchange of our sin for the righteousness of Christ (v. 21). Furthermore, Chapters 6 and 7 find Paul defending himself and his ministry, assuring the Corinthians yet again of his sincere love for them and exhorting them to repentance and holy living. In chapters 8 and 9, Paul exhorts the believers at Corinth to follow the examples of the brothers in Macedonia and extend generosity to the saints in need. He teaches them the principles and rewards of gracious giving. Paul ends his letter by reiterating his authority among them (chapter 10) and concern for their faithfulness to him in the face of fierce opposition from false apostles. He calls himself a fool for having to reluctantly boast of his qualifications and his suffering for Christ in chapter 11. He ends his epistle by describing the vision of heaven he was allowed to experience and the thorn in the flesh he was given by God to ensure his humility (chapter 12). The last chapter contains his exhortation to the Corinthians to examine themselves to see whether what they profess is reality, and ends with a benediction of love and peace. Galatians PURPOSE The churches in Galatia were formed partly of converted Jews and partly of Gentile converts, as was generally the case. Paul asserts his apostolic character and the doctrines he taught, that he might confirm the Galatians churches in the faith of Christ, especially with respect to the important point of justification by faith alone. Thus the subject is mainly the same as that which is discussed in the Epistle to the Romans, that is, justification by faith alone. In this epistle, however, attention is particularly directed to the point that men are justified by faith without the works of the Law of Moses. MESSAGE Galatians was not written as an essay in contemporary history. It was a protest against corruption of the gospel of Christ. The essential truth of justification by faith rather than by the works of the law had been obscured by the Judaizers insistence that believers in Christ must keep the law if they expected to be perfect before God. When Paul learned that this teaching had begun to penetrate the Galatians churches and that it had alienated them from their heritage of liberty, he wrote the impassioned remonstrance contained in this epistle. Paul appealed to the Galatians to stand fast in their freedom, and not get entangled again with a yoke of bondage (that is, the Mosaic law) (Galatians 5:1). Christian freedom is not an excuse to gratify ones lower nature rather, it is an opportunity to love one another (Galatians 5:13;6:7-10). He stresses further that such freedom does not insulate one from lifes struggles. Indeed, it may intensify the battle between the Spirit and the flesh. Nevertheless, the flesh (the lower nature) has been crucified with Christ (Galatians 2:20); and, as a consequence, the Spirit will bear His fruit such as love, joy, and peace in the life of the believer (Galatians 5:22-23). The letter to the Galatians was written in a spirit of inspired agitation. For Paul, the issue was not whether a person was circumcised, but whether he had become a new creation (Galatians 6:15). If Paul had not been successful in his argument for justification by faith alone, Christianity would have remained a sect within Judaism, rather than becoming the universal way of salvation. Galatians, therefore, is not only Luthers epistle; it is the epistle of every believer who confesses with Paul, I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me (Galatians 2:20). The books of James and Galatians illustrate two aspects of Christianity that from the very beginning have seemed to be in conflict, though in reality they are supplementary. James insists on the ethic of Christ, a demand that faith prove its existence by its fruits. Nevertheless, James, no less than Paul, emphasizes the need of the transformation of the individual by the grace of God (James 1:18). Galatians stresses the dynamic of the gospel that produces ethic (Galatians 3:13-14). Nor was Paul less concerned than James about the ethical life (Galatians 5:13). Like the two sides of a coin, these two aspects of Christian truth must always accompany each other. Ephesians PURPOSE Paul intended that all who long for Christ-like maturity would receive this writing. Enclosed within the Book of Ephesians is the discipline needed to develop into true children of God. Furthermore, a study in Ephesians will help to fortify and to establish the believer so he can fulfil the purpose and calling God has given. The aim of this epistle is to confirm and to equip a maturing church. It presents a balanced view of the body of Christ and its importance in Gods economy. MESSAGE Doctrine occupies the greatest portion of the Book of Ephesians. Half of the teaching in this epistle relates to our standing in Christ, and the remainder of it affects our condition. All too often those who teach from this book bypass all the foundational instruction and go directly to the closing chapter. It is this chapter that emphasizes the warfare or the struggle of the saints. However, to benefit fully from the contents of this epistle, one must begin at the beginning of Pauls instruction in this letter. First, as followers of Christ, we must fully understand who God declares us to be. We must also become grounded in the knowledge of Gods accomplishment for all humanity. Next, our present existence and walk must become exercised and strengthened. This must continue until we no longer totter or stagger back and forth with every spirit of teaching and subtlety of men. Pauls writing breaks down into three main segments. (1) Chapters one through three introduce principles with respect to Gods accomplishment. (2) Chapters four and five put forth principles regarding our present existence. (3) Chapter six presents principles concerning our daily struggle. Philippians PURPOSE The Epistle to the Philippians, one of Pauls prison epistles, was written in Rome. It was at Philippi, which the apostle visited on his second missionary journey (Acts 16:12), that Lydia and the Philippians jailer and his family were converted to Christ. Now, some few years later, the church was well established, as may be inferred from its address which includes bishops (elders) and deacons (Philippians 1:1). MESSAGE Philippians can be called Resources Through Suffering. The book is about Christ in our life, Christ in our mind, Christ as our goal, Christ as our strength, and joy through suffering. It was written during Pauls imprisonment in Rome, about thirty years after Christs ascension and about ten years after Paul first preached at Philippi. Paul was Neros prisoner, yet the epistle fairly shouts with triumph, the words joy and rejoice appearing frequently (Philippians 1:4, ,28;Philippians 3:1,4:1,4,10). Right Christian experience is the outworking, whatever our circumstances may be, of the life, nature, and mind of Christ living in us (Philippians 1:6,11;2:5,13). Philippians reaches its pinnacle at 2:5-11 with the glorious and profound declaration regarding the humiliation and exaltation of our Lord Jesus Christ. Colossian PURPOSE The Book of Colossians is a mini-ethics course, addressing every area of Christian life. Paul progresses from the individual life to the home and family, from work to the way we should treat others. The theme of this book is the sufficiency of our Lord, Jesus Christ, in meeting our needs in every area. MESSAGE Colossians was written explicitly to defeat the heresy that had arisen in Colosse, which endangered the existence of the church. While we do not know what was told to Paul, this letter is his response. We can surmise based on Pauls response that he was dealing with a defective view of Christ denying His real and true humanity and not accepting His full deity. Paul appears also to dispute the Jewish emphasis on circumcision and traditions (Colossians 2:8-11;3:11). The heresy addressed appears to be either a Jewish-Gnosticism or a mix between Jewish asceticism and Greek philosophy. He does a remarkable job in pointing us to the sufficiency of Christ. The Book of Colossians contains doctrinal instruction about the deity of Christ and false philosophies (1:15-2:23), as well as practical exhortations regarding Christian conduct, including friends and speech (3:1-4:18). As with all the early churches, the issue of Jewish legalism in Colosse was of great concern to Paul. So radical was the concept of salvation by grace apart from works that those steeped in Old Testament law found it very difficult to grasp. Consequently, there was a continual movement among the legalists to add certain requirements from the law to this new faith. 1 Thessalonians PURPOSE In the church of Thessalonica there were some misunderstandings about the return of Christ. Paul desired to clear them up in his letter. He also writes it as an instruction in holy living. MESSAGE The first three chapters are about Paul longing to visit the church in Thessalonica but not being able to because Satan stopped them (1 Thessalonians 2:18), and how Paul cared for them and was encouraged to hear how they had been. Paul then prays for them (1 Thessalonians 3:11-13). In chapter 4, Paul is instructing the believers in Thessalonica on how to live, in Christ Jesus, a holy life (1 Thessalonians 4:1-12). Paul goes on to instruct them of a misconception they had. He tells them that the people who have died in Christ Jesus will also go to heaven when He comes back (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18,5:1-11). The book ends with final instructions of living the Christian life. Paul reminds the Thessalonians that the persecution they were receiving from their own countrymen (v. 2:15), the Jews who rejected their Messiah, is the same that the Old Testament prophets suffered (Jeremiah 2:30;Matthew 23:31). Jesus warned that true prophets of God would always be opposed by the unrighteous (Luke 11:49). In Colossians, Paul reminds them of that truth. 2 Thessalonians PURPOSE The church in Thessalonica still had some misconceptions about the Day of the Lord. They thought it had come already so they stopped with their work. They were being persecuted badly. Paul wrote to clear up misconceptions and to comfort them. MESSAGE Paul greets the church at Thessalonica and encourages and exhorts them. He commends them for what he hears they are doing in the Lord, and he prays for them (2 Thessalonians 1:11-12). In chapter 2, Paul explains what will happen in the Day of the Lord (2 Thessalonians 2:1-12). Paul then encourages them to stand firm and instructs them to keep away from idle men who dont live by the gospel. 1Timothy PURPOSE Paul wrote to Timothy to encourage him in his responsibility for overseeing the work of the Ephesians church and possibly the other churches in the province of Asia (1 Timothy 1:3).  This letter lays the foundation for ordaining elders (1 Timothy 3:1-7), and provides guidance for ordaining people into offices of the church (1 Timothy 3:8-13).  In essence, 1 Timothy is a leadership manual for church organization and administration. MESSAGE This is the first letter Paul wrote to Timothy, a young pastor who had been a help to Paul in his work. Timothy was a Greek. His mother was a Jewess and his father was Greek. Paul was more than just a mentor and leader to Timothy, he was like a father to him, and Timothy was like a son to Paul (1 Timothy 1:2). Paul begins the letter by urging Timothy to be on guard for false teachers and false doctrine. However, much of the letter deals with pastoral conduct. Paul instructs Timothy in worship (chapter 2) and developing mature leaders for the church (chapter 3). Most of the letter deals with pastoral conduct, warnings about false teachers, and the churchs responsibility toward single members, widows, elders, and slaves. All throughout the letter, Paul encourages Timothy to stand firm, to persevere, and to remain true to his calling. 2 Timothy PURPOSE The Book of 2 Timothy is essentially Pauls last words. Paul looked past his own circumstances to express concern for the churches and specifically for Timothy. Paul wanted to use his last words to encourage Timothy, and all other believers, to persevere in faith (2 Timothy 3:14) and proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ (2 Timothy 4:2). MESSAGE Paul encourages Timothy to remain passionate for Christ and to remain firm in sound doctrine (2 Timothy 1:1-2,13-14). Paul reminds Timothy to avoid ungodly beliefs and practices and to flee from anything immoral (2 Timothy 2:14-26). In the end times there will be both intense persecution and apostasy from the Christian faith (2 Timothy 3:1-17). Paul closes with an intense plea for believers to stand firm in the faith and to finish the race strong (2 Timothy 4:1-8). Titus PURPOSE The Epistle to Titus is known as one of the Pastoral Epistles as are the two letters to Timothy. This epistle was written by the apostle Paul to encourage his brother in the faith, Titus, whom he had left in Crete to lead the church which Paul had established on one of his missionary journeys (Titus 1:5). This letter advises Titus regarding what qualifications to look for in leaders for the church. He also warns Titus of the reputations of those living on the island of Crete (Titus 1:12). MESSAGE How wonderful it must have been when Titus received a letter from his mentor, the apostle Paul. Paul was a much-honoured man and rightly so, after establishing several churches throughout the eastern world. This famous introduction from the apostle would have been read by Titus: To Titus, my true son in our common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Saviour (Titus 1:4). The island of Crete where Titus was left by Paul to lead the church was inhabited by natives of the island and Jews who did not know the truth of Jesus Christ (Titus 1:12-14). Paul felt it to be his responsibility to follow through with Titus to instruct and encourage him in developing leaders within the church at Crete. As the apostle Paul directed Titus in his search for leaders, Paul also suggested how Titus would instruct the leaders so that they could grow in their faith in Christ. His instructions included those for both men and women of all ages (Titus 2:1-8). Philemon PURPOSE The letter to Philemon is the shortest of all Pauls writings and deals with the practice of slavery. The letter suggests that Paul was in prison at the time of the writing. Philemon was a slave owner who also hosted a church in his home. During the time of Pauls ministry in Ephesus, Philemon had likely journeyed to the city, heard Pauls preaching and became a Christian. The slave Onesimus robbed his master, Philemon, and ran away, making his way to Rome and to Paul. Onesimus was still the property of Philemon, and Paul wrote to smooth the way for his return to his master. Through Pauls witnessing to him, Onesimus had become a Christian (Philemon 10) and Paul wanted Philemon to accept Onesimus as a brother in Christ and not merely as a slave. MESSAGE Paul had warned slave owners that they had a responsibility towards their slaves and showed slaves as responsible moral beings who were to fear God. In Philemon, Paul did not condemn slavery, but he presented Onesimus as a Christian brother instead of a slave. When an owner can refer to a slave as a brother, the slave has reached a position in which the legal title of slave is meaningless. The early church did not attack slavery directly but it laid the foundation for a new relationship between owner and slave. Paul attempted to unite both Philemon and Onesimus with Christian love so that emancipation would become necessary. Only after exposure to the light of the gospel could the institution of slavery die.